Influence of metal content in crude oil on the properties and performances of fcc catalyst and measures to maintain the fcc unit’s stability
Abstract
The influence of metals (Fe, Ca, Na, Ni and V) in crude oil on FCC catalyst performances was investigated. The fresh catalysts were deactivated by cyclic metal deposition method (CMD) with different concentrations of metals in the feed. Samples were characterized by N2 adsorption, XRD, SEM, and TPD-NH3, and were evaluated by a short contact time micro activity test unit (SCT-MAT). The study of catalysts contaminated with different iron and calcium sources (iron chloride versus iron naphthenate and calcium nitrate versus calcium naphthenate) shows that the nature of iron and calcium precursor has no significant influence on the catalyst performance. Fe leads to a higher yield in dry gas and lower cracking performance whereas the influence of Ca on the catalyst properties and performance is not considerable. However, the interaction of Fe - Ca could destroy the zeolite structure more severely than Fe or Ca alone and led to the important loss of MAT performance. The presence of Na would strongly destroy the zeolite structure and dramatically decrease the catalyst performance. The obtained results also illustrated that Fe and Ca accumulated on the outer surface of catalyst. This results in a more realistic simulation of equilibrium catalyst accessibility responses to iron and calcium contamination. Finally, some recommendations for the refinery in order to maintain the stability of the FCC Unit have also been proposed by the authors.
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