Công nghệ sản xuất hydrogen sạch và nguyên/nhiên liệu tổng hợp dựa trên hydrogen

  • Nguyễn Văn Như Viện Nghiên cứu Năng lượng và Khí hậu, Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Khoa học và Kỹ thuật Juelich, CHLB Đức
  • Trương Như Tùng Viện Dầu khí Việt Nam
Keywords: Hydrogen, điện phân nước, điện phân nước biển, sinh khối, khí sinh học, nhiên liệu tổng hợp

Tóm tắt

Hydrogen là nguyên/nhiên liệu thiết yếu cho công nghiệp và chuyển đổi năng lượng. Các quy trình để sản xuất hydrogen tùy thuộc vào nguyên liệu thô và nguồn năng lượng được sử dụng. Về tác động của khí hậu, việc sản xuất hydrogen có triển vọng nhất là điện phân nước. Quá trình điện phân tái tạo phụ thuộc vào cường độ carbon của điện và hiệu suất chuyển đổi điện năng đó thành hydrogen. Xu thế phát triển công nghệ sản xuất hydrogen (từ các nguồn năng lượng thông thường và năng lượng tái tạo) đang diễn ra theo hướng tập trung tối ưu hóa quá trình điện phân nước dùng năng lượng tái tạo bằng cách tăng độ bền vật liệu, tăng công suất, giảm hàm lượng kim loại quý trong chất xúc tác, qua đó giảm giá thành sản xuất. Bài báo giới thiệu những tiến bộ mới nhất trong công nghệ sản xuất hydrogen sạch nhờ các loại năng lượng tái tạo, trong đó tập trung vào công nghệ điện phân nước và điện phân nước biển, kết hợp điện phân và năng lượng mặt trời cũng như sản xuất nguyên nhiên liệu tổng hợp; sản xuất hydrogen từ sinh khối và khí sinh học.

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2021-12-28
How to Cite
Nguyễn, V. N., & Trương, N. T. (2021). Công nghệ sản xuất hydrogen sạch và nguyên/nhiên liệu tổng hợp dựa trên hydrogen . Tạp Chí Dầu Khí, 12, 23 - 39. https://doi.org/10.47800/PVJ.2021.12-03
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